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1.
Rev. bras. hematol. hemoter ; 32(supl.2): 45-48, jun. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-560734

ABSTRACT

A deficiência de ferro é o distúrbio nutricional mais comum no mundo e constitui a maior causa de anemia associada às condições onde há erro alimentar, perda crônica de sangue ou quando ocorre o crescimento rápido, como na infância, na gravidez e na adolescência. Esta deficiência acarreta prejuízos no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, na capacidade de aprendizagem, no apetite, no crescimento e na resposta do sistema imunológico. Na adolescência, além de com frequência observarmos hábitos alimentares inadequados, estão presentes intensas mudanças fisiológicas e psicossociais que, em associação, podem comprometer o crescimento e aumentar o risco do desenvolvimento de deficiência de ferro e outras carências nutricionais, sobretudo na fase púbere. Desta forma, o diagnóstico de deficiência de ferro entre os adolescentes deve ser lembrado a fim de que medidas possam ser tomadas para diminuir a incidência de anemia, do comprometimento do rendimento escolar e do sistema imunológico, neste período da vida.


Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional disorder in the world and is a major cause of anemia associated with situations involving chronic blood loss or rapid growth such as during infancy, pregnancy and adolescence. This deficiency leads to impairment in psychomotor development, learning ability, appetite, growth and immune response. In adolescence, inadequate dietary habits are often observed and intensive physiological and psychological changes are seen that when combined can impair growth and increase the risk of developing iron deficiency or other nutritional disorders, especially during puberty. Thus, the diagnosis of iron deficiency among adolescents should always be considered so that measures can be taken to reduce the incidence of anemia, impairment of the immune system and improve school performance.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adolescent , Iron Deficiencies/diagnosis , Iron Deficiencies/metabolism , Iron Deficiencies/prevention & control
2.
Rev. paul. pediatr ; 26(2): 183-187, jun. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-487569

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Descrever a importância do tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) na síndrome nefrótica pediátrica e o uso da heparina de baixo peso molecular como opção terapêutica segura e eficaz. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Menino de 5,7 anos com síndrome nefrótica córtico-resistente e glomérulo-esclerose segmentar e focal foi internado devido à diarréia, distúrbios eletrolíticos e anasarca. No 11º dia de internação, evoluiu com desconforto respiratório súbito, cuja investigação mostrou área de alta probabilidade de TEP na cintilografia pulmonar ventilação/perfusão e obstrução em veia jugular interna esquerda ao ultra-som doppler. Iniciado suporte ventilatório com nebulização de oxigênio e anticoagulação com enoxaparina (2mg/kg/dia). Após seis dias, evoluiu com sintomas neurológicos compatíveis com episódio isquêmico transitório, sem alteração na tomografia computadorizada de crânio. A monitorização do fator anti-Xa no soro demonstrou nível subterapêutico e a dose de enoxaparina foi ajustada para 3mg/kg/dia. O edema e os sintomas pulmonares melhoraram e o paciente recebeu alta hospitalar após 33 dias. COMENTÁRIOS: Embora o TEP seja raro em crianças, a síndrome nefrótica é uma condição pró-trombótica que favorece a complicação. A heparina de baixo peso molecular pode ser considerada no tratamento e na profilaxia secundária do TEP, sendo importante monitorizar o nível sérico do fator anti-Xa para ajustar sua dose e promover tratamento seguro e eficaz.


OBJECTIVE: Report the importance of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in pediatric nephrotic syndrome and the use of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) as an effective and secure therapeutic option. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 5.7 year-old boy with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was admitted to the pediatric unit with diarrhea, electrolyte disturbances and anasarca. On the 11th day of hospital stay, he developed a sudden respiratory discomfort. Pulmonary ventilation/perfusion cintilography scan demonstrated high probability of PTE and the doppler ultrasonography showed obstruction of the left internal jugular vein. Oxygen support as well as enoxaparin, at a dose of 2mg/kg/day, were prescribed. Six days later, the patient developed transitory cerebrovascular symptoms without alterations in the cranial CT. The serum anti-Xa factor level was lower than the therapeutic range and enoxaparin was increased to 3mg/kg/day. The edema and the pulmonary symptoms improved and the boy was discharged at the 33rd day of stay. COMMENTS: Although PTE is rare in children, nephrotic syndrome is a prothrombotic condition amenable to this complication. LMWH can be considered for treatment and for secondary prophylaxis of PTE. Anti-factor Xa serum level monitoring is necessary to adjust LMWH dosage and to promote an effective and safe treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Anticoagulants , Nephrotic Syndrome/complications , Nephrotic Syndrome/drug therapy , Thrombolytic Therapy , Thromboembolism
3.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Fac. Med. Univ. Säo Paulo ; 58(1): 5-8, Jan.-Feb. 2003. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-335223

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Noonan syndrome is a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome, and bleeding diathesis is considered part of the clinical findings. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of hemostatic abnormalities in a group of Noonan syndrome patients. METHOD: We studied 30 patients with clinical diagnosis of Noonan syndrome regarding their hemostatic status consisting of bleeding time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time tests, a platelet count, and a quantitative determination of factor XI. RESULTS: An abnormal laboratory result was observed in 9 patients (30 percent). Although coagulation-factor deficiencies, especially factor XI deficiency, were the most common hematological findings, we also observed abnormalities of platelet count and function in our screening. CONCLUSIONS: Hemostatic abnormalities are found with some frequency in Noonan syndrome patients (30 percent in our sample). Therefore, we emphasize the importance of a more extensive hematological investigation in these patients, especially prior to an invasive procedure, which is required with some frequency in this disorder


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Blood Coagulation Disorders , Noonan Syndrome/blood , Blood Coagulation , Factor XI Deficiency , Hematologic Tests , Hemorrhagic Disorders , Noonan Syndrome/complications
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